1.Match the Following
Column I — Column II
Stomata — Transpiration
Xylem — Transport of water
Root hairs — Absorption of water
Phloem — Transport of food
2.Fill in the Blanks
1.The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the (arteries.)
2.Haemoglobin is present in (red blood cells.)
3.Arteries and veins are joined by a network of (capillaries.)
4.The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called the (heart.)
5.The main excretory product in human beings is (urea.)
6.Sweat contains water and (salts.)
7.Kidneys eliminate waste materials in the liquid form called (urine.)
8.Water reaches great heights in trees because of the suction pull caused by (transpiration.)
3. Choose the Correct Option
(a) In plants, water is transported through:
(i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Stomata
(iv) Root hairs
Answer: Xylem (i)
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants:
(i) In the shade
(ii) In dim light
(iii) Under the fan
(iv) Covered with a polythene bag
Answer: Under the fan (iii)
4. Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of materials is necessary in plants and animals to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all cells. It also helps in removing waste products, supporting growth, and enabling energy production.
5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
If there are no platelets in the blood, the blood will not clot after an injury. This may lead to excessive bleeding and can be life-threatening.
6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of leaves.
Functions:
They help in the exchange of gases (for photosynthesis and respiration).
They help in transpiration.
7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, transpiration serves useful functions in plants. It cools the plant and creates a suction pull that helps water and minerals move upward from the roots. It also helps in lowering the temperature of the plant and prevents heat injury.
8. What are the components of blood?
Answer:
The components of blood are:
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
9. Why is blood needed by all parts of the body?
Answer:
Blood is an important part of the transport system in our body. It is needed for the following reasons:
To transport oxygen to all parts of the body.
To remove carbon dioxide from the body.
To transport heat and help regulate body temperature.
To fight infections and diseases.
10. What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
The presence of a red pigment called haemoglobin in red blood cells makes the blood appear red.
11. Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart is an organ that beats continuously and acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It is located in the chest cavity, slightly towards the left side. The heart is roughly the size of a fist.
The heart has four chambers. The two upper chambers are called atria, and the two lower chambers are called ventricles. A partition separates the chambers and prevents the mixing of oxygen-rich blood with carbon dioxide-rich blood.
Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. From there, it is pumped to the rest of the body.
12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
When our cells perform various functions, waste products are formed. These wastes are toxic and must be removed from the body to maintain good health.
KEYWORDS EXPLANATION:
Here are simple explanations of each term:
—
1. Ammonia
A toxic nitrogenous waste product formed when proteins are broken down in the body.
2. Artery
A blood vessel that carries blood **away from the heart** to different parts of the body.
3. Blood
A red liquid connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
4. Blood Vessels
Tube-like structures (arteries, veins, capillaries) that carry blood throughout the body.
5. Capillary
The smallest blood vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.
6. Circulatory System
The body system made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that transports substances around the body.
7. Dialysis
A medical process that removes waste and excess water from the blood when the kidneys fail to work properly.
8. Excretion
The process of removing metabolic waste products from the body.
9. Excretory System
The body system that removes waste products. It includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
10. Haemoglobin
An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
11. Heart Beat
One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart.
12. Kidneys
Two bean-shaped organs that filter blood to remove waste and produce urine.
13. Phloem
Plant tissue that transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant.
14. Plasma
The yellowish liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
15. Platelets
Small blood components that help in clotting to stop bleeding.
16. Pulse
The rhythmic throbbing of arteries caused by the beating of the heart.
17. RBC (Red Blood Cells)
Blood cells that carry oxygen using haemoglobin.
18. Root Hair
Thin hair-like extensions of root cells that absorb water and minerals from the soil.
19. Stethoscope
A medical instrument used to listen to heartbeats and breathing sounds.
20. Sweat
Liquid released by sweat glands that helps cool the body and remove small amounts of waste.
21. Tissue
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
22. Urea
A nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver from ammonia and removed by the kidneys.
23. Ureter
A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
24. Urethra
A tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
25. Uric Acid
A waste product formed from the breakdown of purines; excreted in urine.
26. Urinary Bladder
A muscular sac that stores urine until it is passed out of the body.
27. Vein
A blood vessel that carries blood **toward the heart**.
28. WBC (White Blood Cells)
Blood cells that help fight infections and protect the body.
29. Xylem
Plant tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.